It is well known that dogs learn from humans, we teach them but they also learn where resources are, as well as to understand facial expression.
Dogs can learn to smile from humans, they are also the only species that looks to the left side of our face, which is the more expressive side. It shows our emotions more clearly, dogs have adapted to use it to their advantage.
We always thought wolves were domesticated by us, by taming cubs or wolves settling near villages to take advantage of our waste, eventually leading to the more bold/less fearful dogs moving closer to humans and being excepted into society.
This new study found that dogs ability to understand humans better than we understand them was not taught or bred into them by use, but already their in their genetic make-up as wolves.
The study used 11 North America Wolves and 14 Mutts, all were raised on the bottle, the test took place when they were 5-7 months old.
The test involved the participants watching trained dog or human show where a hidden treat was. The wolves were less likely to follow the dog, than the human. It would found that they were paying great attention to the dog, and would not go for the treat if the dog did not seem to enjoy it.
It concluded that the ability to learn from other species was not just confined to dogs, but also included their ancestors. Which could be a factor that aided in their domestication.
This used young dogs, which could effect the outcome of the study, hand raised wolves are going to be less suspicious of humans, but mature wolves are known to avoid humans even if they are raised by them. This could be that when they get older they no longer learn from humans, due to suspicion as they are prey/predator to them.
This study proves that other species learn for other species, dogs we know learn from humans, as well as apes and monkeys. Wolves learning is an adaptive trait that allows them to gain more advantages on their environment. Watching humans would lead to them food, as humans are hunters. The leftovers would be thrown out, where the wolves would learn to consume them. Their would be fear at being hunted by the humans, but the natural instinct to scavenge and not miss an opportunity, would override that fear in some individuals.
Article: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/12/131203161715.htm
Images: http://www.wolfscience.at/en/aboutus/wolves/geronimo/